Mohsen Mohseninia, Aeris's VP of market development. Image: Aeris.
The sun is providing the fastest-growing renewable energy source in the world, increasing global capacity by an average of 40% each year. Add to that the fact that it also is the most energy-efficient source of renewable energy available. This growth is not limited to any one country or any one continent. For example, in Africa, the renewable energy market is set to explode, with solar growing at 19% per year. This type of growth is typical across the globe. The task, now, is to feed it and watch it grow, and that will be done with the Internet of Things (IoT) and the volumes of data produced.
Today, solar companies are moving into a new realm — analysing data to improve the entire solar energy delivery system. Key to this is reliable, always-on cellular connectivity, fully integrated into an IoT solar solution that enables total grid management — from initial deployment through to end-of-life device management. On-grid solar systems, also known as grid-tiered or solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, generate power only when the utility power grid is available. They must connect to the grid to function but do not require any battery or energy storage. These systems can send excess generated power back to the grid so that home or business owners can gain energy credits for later use in the form of feed-in-tariffs (FiT). On-grid systems — both commercial and residential — are, by far the most common and widely used solar energy systems (as opposed to off-grid systems).
Implementing an IoT solution can alleviate many of the challenges associated with solar panel management and energy output. But in spite of the many cost saving advantages, IoT solar power management can be an uphill climb even for experienced energy companies. Aside from the mass of connected panels, solar farms tend to be spread out, many times in remote locations.
Covering all these aspects of a connected solar installation is beyond the scope of this paper. We will, however, look at three key areas of an on-grid solar deployment: its interplay with cellular connectivity, and how IoT can be a transformative power for long-term growth for this sector; SIM supply chain management; and how IoT can be used to dramatically cut maintenance costs across the entire solar deployment.
Solar + Cellular: Good working partners for scaling
If you have vast arrays of solar panel installations, or have small deployments but plan on growth, cellular networks hold the key to scaling up solar energy use. Grid oversight, including installation and individual device functionality and maintenance, could mean the difference between monetary success and a losing proposition. The use of cellular connectivity in a solar energy array enables 2G, 3G, low power wide area (LPWA) networks, as well as other LTE protocols, to be used for faster, more reliable connections with low power requirements.
On the other hand, the use of Wi-Fi with on-grid solar systems slows down scaling processes considerably because solar-specific engineers are required to set up the device and connect it to Wi-Fi. Then, these engineers have to spend additional time inputting Wi-Fi passwords and SSID codes during installation.
Imagine you have 10,000 solar panels. How long would that take? Using cellular networks removes many of these issues because a SIM card can be installed during the manufacturing process and it does not require a complicated set-up process.
Many solar panel systems rely on constant monitoring of devices, their performance, operational efficiency, and the amount of energy each panel is generating. The key to scalability with on-grid solar solutions, however, is ease of installation — how many panels can you install in a day, in a week, or month — as well as how many you can track and maintain in good working order for the long-term. As the use of on-grid systems continues to expand, companies will move away from Wi-Fi to the more efficient cellular connections, especially with some of the newer, lower cost connectivity options.
Simplifying the SIM supply chain for speed and efficiencies
The use of on-grid solar systems is expected to boom in the coming years, but this can only happen if solar energy providers with global ambitions can simplify their supply chains. Because of the ubiquitous use of cell phones, many people believe that a SIM card is a SIM card is a SIM card, with no discernable difference between any of them. Solar operators work from a better understanding of the variations of SIM cards and the differing installation processes and functionality they can possess.
Creating and installing on-grid solar systems can be a long and complex procedure. If companies need to install SIM cards with cellular connectivity on each panel at differing locations, engineers might have to deal with installing local settings on the SIM at that point. However, if a carrier-agnostic SIM card is pre-provisioned and used, (ready-to-use no matter where in the world they are deployed), businesses can simplify the entire implementation process while saving significant time and money on provisioning, deployment, and manpower needs.
Lowering maintenance costs with IoT: Remote diagnostic and maintenance
Things have a bad habit of breaking down if not properly maintained, and each year, energy companies spend billions on solar installation maintenance. The National Grid has stated that by 2021, the cost of managing the UK’s electricity supplies could double to £2 billion a year due to the growth of renewable technologies. However, the cost of maintaining these new technologies, such as on-grid IoT solar systems, could be reduced if companies use IoT to monitor their devices.
Nearly 80% of UK manufacturers surveyed said predictive maintenance was their No. 1 reason for adopting IoT, and enterprises in all industries said maintenance via IoT offered the best opportunities for growth. Predictive and performance monitoring of devices allows companies to quickly identify any issues and then send an engineer to fix the problem panel(s) before it escalates into a serious money drain.
Summary
IoT is allowing solar companies to better understand their energy deployments, as in having granular oversights on solar arrays and to better manage costs. By installing a simple, end-to-end IoT solution, you can manage the largest solar grids in the world, even with thousands of individual devices connected to your network, regardless of carrier, cellular protocol, or device location.